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WarRin Protocol: A point-to-point anonymous privacy communication system

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Dr.WarRin

www.bitcointalk.org

Summary

This white paper provides an explanation of the WarRin protocol and related blockchain, point-to-point, network value, transport protocol, and encryption algorithms. The limited space will highlight the WRC allocation scheme and purpose of the WarRin Protocol Token, which is important for achieving the WRC’s stated objectives.  This white paper is for informational purposes only and is not a promise of final implementation details. Some details may change during the development and testing phases. 

1.  Introduction

Traditional centralized communication systems such as WeChat,WhatsApp, FacebookMessage,Google  Allo,Skype face a range of problems, including government surveillance, privacy breaches, and inadequate security, and the WarRin protocol proposes apoint-to-pointencrypted communications system that leveragesblockchain technology, combined  with Double Ratc het algorithms, pre-keys, and extended X3DH handshakes. The WarRin Protocol uses The Generalized Directional Acyclic Graph  and Curve25519,AES-256,  and HMAC-SHA256  as the pronamor, allowing each account to have its own unique account chain, providing unlimited instant communication between points and unlimited scalability, anonymity, integrity, consistency, and asynchronousness. 

2. WarRin Protocol communication system

2.1 Two types of communication

The Waring Protocol communication system divides chat channels into two types.

Image

Two modes of communication

  • General Chat mode: Using point-to-point encrypted communication, the service side has access to the key and can log in via multiple devices. 
  • Secret Chat mode: Encrypted communication using point-to-point can only be accessed through two specific devices. 

The design combines some of the advantages of raiBlocks    multi-chain construction with IOTA/Byteball  DAG, which we call the Waring protocol. With improvements, we have given the WarRin protocol greater throughput and faster processing power while ensuring the security of the ledger, and network nodes can store the ledger in less space and search their communications accounts quickly in the ledger.  When two users communicate, third parties contain content that neither manager can access. When a user is chatting in secret, the message contains multimedia that can be designated as a self-destruct message, and when the message is read by the user, the message is automatically destroyed within the specified time. Once the message expires, it disappears on the user’s device. 

2.2 How chat history is encrypted

2.2.1 MTProto  Transport Protocol

Image

MTProto transport protocol

The WarRin communication system draws on RaiBlocks’ multi-chain structure for point-to-point communication. Each account has its own chain that records the sending and receiving behavior of the account. For example, in Figure 1,   there are 7  accounts, each with 7 chain records of the account sending and receiving communications. On the graph, horizontal coordinates represent the timeline, and portrait coordinates represent the index of the account. 

Transferring information from one account to another requires two transactions: one to send a communication from the sender’s transfer content, and one to receive information to add that content to the content of the receiving account. Whether in a send-side account or a receiving account, a PoW proof of work with the previous communication content Hash is required to add new communications to the account.  In the account chain, poWwork proves to be an anti-spam communication tool that can be done in seconds. In a single account chain, the Hash field of the previous block is known to pre-generate the PoW required for subsequent blocks. Therefore, as long as the time between the two communications is greater than the time required to generate the PoW, the user’s transaction will be completed instantaneously. 

In such a design, only the receiving end of the communication is required for settlement. The receiving end places the received communication signature on the account chain, which is called accepted communication. Once accepted, the receiving end then broadcasts the communication to the ledger of the other nodes. However, there may be situations where the receiving end is not online or is subject to a DoS   attack, which prevents the receiving end from putting the receiving side communication on the account chain, which we call uncommoted transactions. The X symbol in Figure 1 represents an open transaction sent from Account 2 to Account 5.  

Image

Obviously, because only the sending and receiving sides of the communication are required to settle, such communication is very lightweight, all traffic can be transmitted in a UDP package and processed very quickly. At the same time, all communications in an account are kept in one chain, with great integrity, and the ledger can be trimmed to a minimum. Some nodes are not interested in spending resources to store the full communication history of the account;   They are only interested in the current communications for each account. When an account communicates, its accumulated information is encoded, and these nodes only need to keep track of the latest blocks so that historical data can be discarded while maintaining correctness. Such communication is only possible if the sending and receiving sides trust each other and are not the final settlement of the entire network consensus. There is a security risk in the absence of trust on the sending and receiving ends, or in situations where the receiving end is attacked by DoS without the sender’s knowledge. 

We have observed that although each account has a separate chain, the entire ledger can be expressed in the form of a WarRin object. As shown in Figure 2, this is represented by the WarRin astros trading on all accounts in Figure 1.  

Image

The first unit in the WarRin object is the Genesis unit, the next six cells represent the allocation of the initial token, and the other units correspond to the communication transactions between the account chains. We use the symbol a/b to represent a communication transaction, where the sender is a andthe recipient is b. The last  4/1 unit in Figure 2 is the last communication corresponding to Figure 1  – sending communication from account 4 to account 1. A transaction in Figure 1 is a confirmation of the latest block or the latest communication on the account chains of both parties to the communication, reflected in Figure 2 as a reference to the latest units of the account chains of both parties to the communication. Take unit 4/1, for example, where the latest  block on account 4 was the receiving block for 2/4  trades and the newest block on  account 1 was the send block for 1/5 trade. So on the DAG, the 4/1 cell refers to the 2/4 cell and the 1/5 cell. 

The WarRin protocol uses triangular shrapned storage technology to crack impossible triangles in the blockchain through the shrapghine technology, with extensive node engagement and decontalination  while maintaining high throughput and security:

  • Complete shraping of blockchain status;
  • Secure and low-cost cross-synth trading;
  • Completely random witness selection;
  • Flexible and efficient configuration

Complete decentralization ensures absolute security and scalability of the standard chain.

(Figures   above show seven Ling-shaped objects:2/1 one;3/2  one… )

2.2.2 Curve25519 Elliptic Curve Encryption Algorithm

Curve25519,  proposed by Daniel Bernstein, is anelliptic  curve algorithm for the exchange of The Montgomery Curve’s Difi Herman keys. 

Montgomery Curve Curve Mathematical Expression: 图片图片

Curve25519 Curve Mathematical Expression:图片

Curve25519  encryption     algorithms are    图片 used for standard private and public keys, and the private keys used for Curve25519  图片 encryption algorithms are typically defined as secret 图片 indices, corresponding to 图片public  keys, coordinate points, which are usually sufficient to perform ECDH (elliptical) and symmetrical  elliptic curve encryption algorithms. If one party wants to send information to the other party and the other party has the 图片 public 图片and private keys, perform the following 图片calculation:

Generate a one-time random secret 图片图片   图片 index, calculated using Montgomery, because the message is a symmetrical password encrypted using 256-bit  sharing, such as AES  using a 256-bit integer 图片 one-time public key,  as akey, and 256-bit integer is a 图片prefix to encrypted information. Once a party to   图片图片图片the public 图片key receives this message, it can start by calculating , that is ,图片the receiver recovers the shared secret and 图片is able to decrypt the rest of the information. 

3. Incentives

On the basis of the WarRin agreement, by adding the incentive layer, we can effectively avoid the whole network being attacked and eliminate spam. As long as honest nodes control most of the calculations, for an attacker, the network is robust because of its simplicity of structure, and nodes need little coordination to work at the same time. They do not need to be authenticated because information is not sent to a location. 

3.1 WRC Certificate

WRC issued a total of 2,500,000 pieces and continued to increment according to the WoRin gain function. 

3.1.1 WoRin Gain Function

Image
Image

3.1.2 WoRin gain function control table

The WoRin gain function is compared to the table
Number of layers /F Growth factor /I WRC circulation
[1,50] 0.002 334918.8057
[51,100] 0.002 780024.2108
[101,150] 0.004 1177129.617
[151,200] 0.006 1487860.923
[201,250] 0.01 1722637
[251,300] 0.016 1894309.216
[301,400] 0.03 2101623.789
[401,500] 0.06 2217555.464
[501,1000] 0.1 2450712.257
[1001,2000] 0.12 2557457.3

According 图片to the Gain function, the 图片larger the number of layers, 图片the greater the growth rate, the faster each layer is filled, and the 图片greater the circulation. 

3.2 Allocation

Image

WarRin protocol node distribution

3.2.1 Node allocation

Set the initial price  图片  图片图片to 0.02,the layer where the first node is located is , according to the equation of the iso-difference column, there is , so that the 图片node token is assigned to the piece, for the price of 图片 the layer where the node 图片is located, there is a 图片图片set. 

For example, the number of tiers in which the  98th  node is located is Tier 13,  and the price of Tier 13 is 0.214,the tokens assigned by Tier 98 are 图片

3.2.2 Total number of address assignments

Each node occupies one address, and the total number of 图片addresses is

4. The use

WRC is the native pass-through of the WarRin protocol, andWRC will assign to Genesis nodes according to the above allocation scheme, which together form the entire network, andWRC can be used in the following scenarios, including but not limited to:

Pay the network’s gas charges, i.e. for transferring money and invoking smart contracts;

System Staking tokens, used for node elections and token issues;

The capital is lent to the validator in exchange for the amount of the reward;

Voting rights for system proposals;

The means of payment for apps developed  on WoRin Services;

WoRin Storage is a means of payment on the decentralization storage;

WoRin DNS domain name and WoRin  WWW website means of payment;

WoRin Proxy agents hide the means of payment for body and IP addresses;

WoRin Proxy penetrates payment methods reviewed by local ISPs

……

5. Conclusions

Metcalfe’s Law states that thevalue of a network is equal to the square of the number of nodes within the network, and that the value of the network is directly related to the square of the number of connected users. That is 图片( the 图片value factor, the number of 图片users.)  That is, the greater the number of users on a network, the greater the value of the entire network and each computer within that network. The WarRin protocol also follows this law, and when the number of nodes reaches a certain level, the entire network becomes more robust. 

References

[1] K. Birman, Reliable Distributed Systems: Technologies, Web Services and

Applications, Springer, 2005.

[2] V. Buterin, Ethereum: A next-generation smart contract and de- centralized

application platform, https://github.com/ethereum/wiki/wiki/White-Paper,  2013.

[3] M. Ben-Or, B. Kelmer, T. Rabin, Asynchronous secure  computa-  tions  with

optimal resilience, in Proceedings of the thirteenth annual ACM symposium on

Principles of distributed computing, p. 183–192. ACM, 1994.

[4] M. Castro, B. Liskov, et al., Practical byzantine fault tolerance, Proceedings of the

Third Symposium on Operating Systems Design and Implementation (1999), p. 173–

186, available at http://pmg.csail.mit.edu/papers/osdi99.pdf.

[5] EOS. IO, EOS. IO technical white paper,

https://github.com/EOSIO/Documentation/blob/master/TechnicalWhitePaper.md,

2017.

[6] D. Goldschlag, M. Reed, P. Syverson, Onion Routing for  Anony-  mous  and

Private Internet Connections, Communications of the ACM, 42, num. 2 (1999),

http://www.onion-router.net/Publications/CACM-1999.pdf.

[7] L. Lamport, R. Shostak, M. Pease, The byzantine  generals  problem, ACM

Transactions on Programming Languages and Systems, 4/3 (1982), p. 382–401.

[8] S. Larimer, The history of BitShares,

https://docs.bitshares.org/bitshares/history.html, 2013.

[9] M. Luby, A. Shokrollahi, et al.,  RaptorQ  forward error correction scheme for

object delivery, IETF RFC 6330, https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6330,  2011.

[10] P. Maymounkov, D. Mazières,  Kademlia: A peer-to-peer  infor-  mation  system

based on the XOR metric, in IPTPS ’01 revised pa- pers from the First International

Workshop on Peer-to-Peer Systems, p. 53–65, available at

http://pdos.csail.mit.edu/~petar/papers/ maymounkov-kademlia-lncs.pdf, 2002.

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Disclaimer: The views, suggestions, and opinions expressed here are the sole responsibility of the experts. No Digi Observer journalist was involved in the writing and production of this article.

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Said Abulafia on What a Bakery Founded in 1879 Can Teach Modern Businesses

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Tel Aviv–Jaffa business leader Said Abulafia shares lessons from a historic Arab family-owned bakery that has served customers for nearly 150 years.

Tel Aviv–jaffa, Israel, 22nd July 2026, ZEX PR WIRE Most businesses do not make it to ten years. According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, only 34.7% of private-sector establishments born in 2013 were still operating in 2023. Family businesses face another challenge: only about 30% transition to the second generation, and roughly 12% remain viable into the third.

That makes Abulafia Bakery’s history unusual. Founded in Jaffa in 1879, the historic Arab family-owned bakery has operated for nearly 150 years through political change, economic pressure, shifting customer habits, and several generations of family leadership.

Said Abulafia believes the bakery’s long history offers practical lessons for modern businesses trying to survive.

“When people hear that the bakery started in 1879, they think about history,” says Abulafia. “I think about responsibility. Every generation had to make decisions that kept the business alive. That is the real lesson.”

Longevity Starts With Trust

For Abulafia, the bakery’s staying power begins with customer trust. Customers return because they know what to expect. They recognize the product, the place, and the experience.

Modern businesses often focus on attention. Abulafia believes trust matters more.

“A customer who comes once is important,” he says. “A customer who comes back with their children or grandchildren tells you something much deeper. It means the business became part of their routine.”

That kind of loyalty is not built by a single strong campaign. It is built through years of consistency.

Consistency Is Not Old-Fashioned

In a fast-moving business environment, consistency can sound plain. Abulafia sees it differently.

For a bakery, consistency is operational. Ingredients must be reliable. Production has to stay controlled. Service has to feel familiar. Small changes are noticed quickly.

“If something changes in the product, regular customers know,” he says. “They may not explain it in technical terms, but they feel it. That is why consistency is not just a nice idea. It is part of the business model.”

Adaptation Without Losing Identity

Abulafia says one of the biggest challenges for heritage businesses is knowing what to change and what to protect.

A business founded in 1879 cannot operate exactly as it did in earlier generations. Costs change. Customer behavior changes. Competition changes. Operations must improve.

At the same time, moving too far from the core identity can weaken what has kept the business going.

“You have to modernize carefully,” says Abulafia. “If you change everything, you lose the reason people trusted you. If you change nothing, you fall behind. The work is finding the line between the two.”

What Modern Businesses Can Learn

Abulafia believes the bakery’s history offers several lessons that extend beyond hospitality.

First, businesses need a clear core. They should understand what customers return for and protect it.

Second, growth should not come before stability. A weak system becomes harder to manage as it expands.

Third, businesses should listen to repeat customers. Long-term customers often notice operational problems before leadership does.

“People talk a lot about innovation,” he says. “But sometimes the best information comes from a customer who has been coming to you for 20 years and notices when something feels different.”

Pressure Reveals Weakness

The bakery has faced many periods of uncertainty, including the COVID-19 pandemic, supply disruptions, rising costs, and fluctuating demand. Abulafia says those periods forced the business to simplify and strengthen its systems.

“When conditions are easy, you can ignore problems,” he says. “When pressure comes, every weakness becomes visible. That is when you either fix the system or keep repeating the same mistakes.”

For Abulafia, pressure is not only a challenge. It is a test of how well a business is built.

A Call to Study Businesses That Last

Abulafia encourages entrepreneurs, operators, and family business owners to study long-running businesses, not only fast-growing ones.

Many modern business stories focus on rapid scale. Abulafia believes there is equal value in studying enduring companies.

“A business that lasts for generations has already answered questions many newer businesses are still trying to solve,” he says. “How do you keep trust? How do you adapt? How do you stay useful to people over time?”

Call to Action

Abulafia encourages business owners to take practical steps:

  • Identify what customers truly return for

  • Protect the parts of the business that create trust

  • Make changes gradually and measure the impact

  • Listen closely to long-term customers

  • Build operations that can survive difficult periods

“Longevity is not one big decision,” he says. “It is many small decisions made well over time.”

About Said Abulafia

Said Abulafia is a Tel Aviv–Jaffa-based business leader involved with Abulafia Bakery, a historic Arab family-owned bakery established in Jaffa in 1879. His work focuses on preserving the bakery’s legacy while adapting operations for modern customers, changing markets, and long-term continuity.

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Knot Expands into Canada, Partnering with RBC, the Country’s Largest Bank

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New York City, NY, USA, July 22nd, 2026, FinanceWire

Knot, the leading merchant connectivity platform, has announced its partnership with RBC, Canada’s largest bank, to make RBC cards the default payment method for millions of cardholders wherever they spend. Using Knot’s CardSwitcher, RBC cardholders can set their RBC card as the saved payment method at their favorite merchants directly from the RBC mobile app, without manually entering card details. The partnership marks Knot’s first expansion beyond the United States.

Keeping RBC Top of Wallet

One of the hardest moments in payments is the first one. When a cardholder gets a new RBC card, putting it to use means hunting down every merchant where a card is already saved and updating each one by hand, so a new card often sits idle for weeks before it sees real spend. The partnership removes that friction. From the RBC app, cardholders add their RBC card to their preferred merchants in a few taps and set it as the saved payment method at the places they already spend, from the day the card is in hand.

For RBC, that means a card that goes to work immediately instead of waiting to be activated across a cardholder’s everyday spend. Placing the card as the default at the merchants cardholders use most keeps it top of wallet, turning a new RBC card from an occasional choice into a go-to payment method from the start and driving repeat spend and deeper loyalty to RBC.

Expanding into Canada with the Country’s Largest Bank

For years, Knot has built the merchant connectivity layer across the United States, linking the people, financial institutions, and merchants behind everyday spend. RBC is where that infrastructure goes international for the first time. Canada is Knot’s first market beyond the U.S., and launching it with the country’s largest bank sets the standard for every market that follows.

RBC did not become Canada’s largest bank by standing still. They move early, they invest in their clients, and they push the industry forward. That is exactly the kind of partner Knot wants to build alongside, and the reason RBC is the right first step into a new market. Bringing CardSwitcher to Canadian cardholders is the start of a longer roadmap, both for what Knot and RBC build together and for where Knot goes next.

About RBC

Royal Bank of Canada is a global financial institution with a purpose-driven, principles-led approach to delivering leading performance. Its success comes from the 101,000+ employees who leverage their imaginations and insights to bring the company’s vision, values, and strategy to life so it can help its clients thrive and communities prosper. As Canada’s biggest bank, and one of the largest in the world based on market capitalization, RBC has a diversified business model with a focus on innovation and providing exceptional experiences to its more than 19 million clients in Canada, the U.S., and 27 other countries. Learn more at rbc.com.

About Knot

Knot is the leading merchant connectivity platform, simplifying how consumers, merchants, and financial institutions interact. CardSwitcher is the foundation of Knot’s product suite, letting users update and manage card-on-file payments across hundreds of merchants. Building on the same connectivity infrastructure, TransactionLink delivers SKU-level transaction data, and SubManager gives users a single place to view and manage their subscriptions. By removing friction at every step, Knot helps financial institutions grow engagement, loyalty, and spend.

Users can learn more at KnotAPI.com and connect with Knot on X (@KnotAPIs) and LinkedIn (LinkedIn.com/company/KnotAPI).

Contact

Head of Growth
Jose Del Real
Knot
press@knotapi.com

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RedotPay Recognized as One of the World’s Top Fintech Companies by CNBC

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New York City, USA, July 22nd, 2026, FinanceWire

RedotPay, a global stablecoin-based payment fintech, today announced it has been named to CNBC’s World’s Top Fintech Companies 2026 list, in the Payments category. RedotPay’s inclusion in the prestigious list reflects the growth of the company, which is the global leader in stablecoin consumer payments by volume and has over eight million users.

The list is compiled independently by CNBC and Statista, based on the past year’s performance data. Now in its fourth edition, the list honors 500 companies across nine market segments — Payments, Wealth Technology, Neobanking, Alternative Financing, Digital Assets, Enterprise Fintech, Insurtech, Regtech, and Others. For each segment, performance indicators and other metrics were used to evaluate and select companies for inclusion on the list.

“We’re honored to be recognized as a leading payments fintech company by CNBC and Statista. Stablecoin-powered payments are quickly becoming trusted by millions around the world, especially among those who don’t have reliable access to traditional banking infrastructure. We remain focused on making everyday stablecoin payments accessible to many more around the world,” said Michael Gao, CEO and Co-Founder of RedotPay.

The recognition reflects RedotPay’s continued focus on making stablecoin payments accessible, reliable, and compliant for customers and businesses globally. The company recently surpassed $1bn in monthly total payment volume. Its investors include Goodwater, Galaxy, Pantera, and Lightspeed.

About RedotPay

RedotPay is a global stablecoin-based payment fintech that integrates blockchain solutions with traditional banking and finance infrastructure. Our intuitive platform empowers millions around the world to spend and send digital assets, ensuring faster, more accessible and inclusive financial services. RedotPay advances financial inclusion for the unbanked and supports crypto enthusiasts, driving global adoption of secure and flexible stablecoin-powered financial solutions to bring crypto to real life. For more information, visit www.redotpay.com.

Contact

RedotPay
press@redotpay.com

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